int Mode
In int mode, integer values are generated. The format of the command is as follows:
randog int MINIMUM MAXIMUM [--exp-uniform] [--fmt FORMAT] [common-options]
Arguments and Options
MINIMUM:the minimum value.
MAXIMUM:the maximum value.
--exp-uniform(optional):if specified, the distribution of digits (log with base 2) is uniform.
--fmt FORMAT(optional):the output format written in format specification mini-language
common-options
Examples
The simplest example is the following, which outputs a value in the specified range.
randog int 0 100
Note
If you want to generate decimal values, use decimal mode or float mode.
Format: 0-padding, etc.
The output format can be specified in format specification mini-language as follows:
# output 0-padded integer such as '00000042'
randog int 0 100 --fmt 08
# output 0-padded integer such as '+42'
randog int 0 100 --fmt +
Repeatedly Generate
Most likely, you will not be satisfied with just one generated, so you will probably want to output multiple times as follows:
# Repeat 10 times
randog int -r 10
# Generate list which contains 10 values
randog int -L 10
Probability Distribution; uniform distribution of digits
By default, the probability distribution of generation is uniform. For example, when generating values from 1 to 10000, the probabilities of generating 1, 50, and 10000 are all identical.
If you are not particular, a uniform distribution is fine, but if you want values to be generated with a variety of digits, this can be problematic. In the above example, there is a 90% probability that a 4-digit number (1000 - 9999) will be generated, and only a 0.1% probability that a 1-digit number will be generated. In other words, the majority of the values generated are 4-digit.
To make the distribution of digits uniform, use --exp-uniform. This option gives greater weight to numbers with smaller digits, so that the number of digits is generally uniform. More precisely, the distribution of floor(log2(x)), digits in binary notation, is uniform; However, the number of digits of 0 is assumed to be 0, and positive and negative numbers have separate probabilities. For example, when generating integers from -15 to 47, the following events all have the same probability:
from -15 to -8
0
1
from 8 to 15
from 16 to 31
Note that if only a portion of the number of the digit is in the generation range, the probability of numbers of the digit is reduced; In the example above, only half of 32-63 are included in the range, so the probability is half that of the other digits.
Note
Although it will not make much difference, if you want to determine the probability distribution based on the number of digits in decimal notation, use decimal mode. You can limit the generation to integers by specifying option --decimal-len=0.